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Cytosine's Abiogenic Absence and Epigenetic Significance

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Cytosine, a fundamental nucleobase in DNA and RNA, is essential for the storage and transmission of genetic information. While many organic molecules have been shown to form under abiogenic conditions, cytosine has proven elusive in such experiments. This article delves into the challenges of cytosine's abiogenic synthesis and highlights the critical role cytosine plays in epigenetics. Abiogenic Synthesis Challenges Cytosine's chemical structure presents significant hurdles for its formation under abiogenic conditions. The molecule consists of a pyrimidine ring with amine and ketone functional groups. While pyrimidine has been synthesized in abiotic experiments, incorporating the specific functional groups of cytosine has remained a challenge. Several factors contribute to the difficulty of cytosine's abiogenic synthesis: Reactivity: The functional groups of cytosine are prone to reactions with other molecules, making it difficult to isolate and stabilize cyto