"Junk DNA" accounts for human exceptualism without Darwin


The study "Molecular features driving cellular complexity of human brain evolution" by Kriegstein et al. (2023) found that transposons, or jumping genes, play a significant role in the evolution of the human brain. Transposons (TE) are DNA sequences that can move around the genome, and they can cause mutations and other changes in gene expression. As such they are not a collection of random mutations as per NeoDarwinism.

The study found that the human brain has a higher proportion of transposons than the brains of other primates. This suggests that transposons may have played a role in the evolution of the human brain by increasing the genetic diversity of the population and allowing for the emergence of new traits by NonDarwinian TEs.

The study also found that transposons are more active in certain neuronal subtypes in the human brain. This suggests that transposons may be involved in the regulation of gene expression in these neuronal subtypes.

Overall, the study by Kriegstein et al. (2023) provides evidence that transposons play a significant role in the evolution of the human brain. Transposons may have increased the genetic diversity of the population, allowed for the emergence of new traits, and regulated gene expression in certain neuronal subtypes.

Here are some specific findings from the study related to transposons:

  • The human brain has a higher proportion of transposons than the brains of other primates.

  • Transposons are more active in certain neuronal subtypes in the human brain.

  • Transposons may be involved in the regulation of gene expression in these neuronal subtypes.

These findings suggest that transposons may have played a significant role in the non Darwinian evolution of the human brain. However, more research is needed to fully understand the role of transposons in brain evolution.

The claimed  98% genetic similarity between humans and primates is based on a comparison of the DNA sequences in the exons. They only makes up 2% of the DNA. This comparison does not take into account the differences in transposable elements (TEs) in the other 98% of the DNA. They make up 50% of our DNA 25 times that of the exons which neo Darwinists claim.

Humans and primates have different numbers and types of TEs, and these differences account for the differences between the two species. So, the 98% genetic similarity between humans and primates exons does not tell the whole story. TE differences also play a role in shaping the genetic makeup of different species, and they should not be overlooked.

NeoDarwinism is the theory that evolution is driven by natural selection, which acts on genetic variation in populations. It ignored "Junk DNA" (TEs) for 30 years.

This started with Cricks "Selfish DNA: the ultimate parasite" in Nature journal. It was promoted by Dawkins "Selfish Gene" book. This led to the disastrous Human Genome Project led by Francis Collins which ignored  98% of the DNA due to Darwinian prejudice. 

10 years later the ENCODE project wrote "Junk DNAs"  eulogy.

After this Collins admitted his mistake, "In terms of junk DNA, we don’t use that term anymore because I think it was pretty much a case of hubris to imagine that we could dispense with any part of the genome, as if we knew enough to say it wasn’t functional. … Most of the genome that we used to think was there for spacer turns out to be doing stuff.”

Transposable elements (TEs) and epigenetics are two important factors that have contributed to the increased cellular complexity of the human brain compared to other primates.


TEs are non Darwinian mobile genetic elements that can insert themselves into the DNA of other genes. They can have a variety of effects on gene expression, including silencing genes, activating genes, or altering the way that genes are transcribed. In the human brain, TEs have been shown to be involved in the development of different brain cell types, as well as the regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory.

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in DNA sequence (per NeoDarwinism).


These changes can be caused by a variety of factors, including environmental exposure, diet, and stress. In the brain, epigenetics plays an important role in regulating the development and function of different brain cell types by the control of TEs.

One of the most significant differences between TEs in humans and primates is the number of copies that are present. Humans have a much higher copy number of TEs than primates, which is thought to be one of the factors that contributes to the larger size of the human genome.

Another difference is the distribution of TEs in the genome. In humans, TEs are more evenly distributed throughout the genome, while in primates they are more concentrated in certain regions. 

TEs can also be classified according to their sequence. TEs are more variable, and their sequence can differ between humans and primates.

The variability of TEs is thought to be one of the factors that contributes to human genetic diversity. This diversity is important because it allows humans to adapt to different environments and challenges.

The differences between TEs in humans and primates provide insights into the NonDarwinian evolutionary history of our species and the factors that contribute to human genetic diversity.


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