Mit Eve & Y Adam were a single pair afterall

Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-CA) and mitochondrial Eve (mt-Eve) are terms used in population genetics to refer to the most recent common ancestors of all living humans, patrilineally and matrilineally, respectively. This means that all living men can trace their Y-chromosomes back to a single man, Y-CA, and all living women can trace their mitochondrial DNA back to a single woman, mt-Eve.

The existence of Y-CA and mt-Eve was first proposed in the 1980s, and their estimated ages have been refined over time. More recent studies have suggested that Y-CA and mt-Eve lived at the same time around 120,000 years ago.

Most scientists felt Adam & Eve were "lucky" survivors of a population of 10,000 individuals.

Some scientists thought they did represent a single pair with no other population.

Now we have the data to show they were a single pair as 9 of 10 animals at that time also came from single pairs. This concludes the 10,000 population model is simply an artifact of population genetics statistical models.

In 2018, a study published in the journal Human Evolution by Mark Stoeckle and David Thaler of the University of Basel, Switzerland, suggested that all modern humans may be descended from a single pair of adults who lived 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. As well 9 of 10 animals came from single pairs. 

The study's findings were based on an analysis of five million genetic "barcodes" of animals from 100,000 different species and man. The study's findings also suggest that a catastrophic event almost wiped out all life on Earth around 100,000 years ago. The researchers believe that this event may have been a volcanic eruption, an asteroid impact, or a global climate change event {or Flood!?} If this is the case, then it is likely that the two humans who are our ancestors were the only survivors of this event.

It is important to note that the study's findings are still preliminary, however, if the findings are correct, then they would have a significant impact on our understanding of human evolution. They would suggest that we are all much more closely related than we previously thought, and that we owe our existence to a single pair of individuals.

Here are some of the points of the study:

• The study looked at the genetic "barcodes" of animals, which is not a complete picture of their genetic makeup. It is possible that there is more genetic diversity among humans than the study suggests.

• The study did not identify the specific catastrophic event that almost wiped out all life on Earth. It is possible that there were multiple events that contributed to the low genetic diversity of humans.

• The study's findings are based on a statistical analysis and more research is needed to confirm the study's findings.

Mitochondrial DNA is passed down from mother to child, which means that it can be used to track the maternal lineage of an organism. This makes mitochondrial DNA ideal for studying the evolution of species.

M.Y. Stoeckle and D.S. Thaler argue that mitochondria should be used to define species because they are:

• Highly conserved: Mitochondrial DNA is very similar across different species. This means that it is less likely to be affected by mutations, which can make it a more reliable marker of species.

• Transmitted maternally: Mitochondrial DNA is passed down from mother to child, which means that it can be used to track the maternal lineage of an organism. This is important because it can help to distinguish between closely related species that have different paternal lineages.

• Bottlenecked to a single pair: Stoeckle and Thaler argue that all modern animals and humans descended from a single pair of mitochondria that were bottlenecked to a single pair about 100,000 years ago. This means that all modern mitochondria are descended from this single pair, which makes them a very reliable marker of species.

Stoeckle and Thaler's arguments have been met with some criticism, but they have also been widely accepted. Mitochondrial DNA is now widely used to study the evolution of species, and it is considered to be a valuable tool for defining species.

Overall, there are a number of reasons why mitochondria might be a good way to define species. They are highly conserved, transmitted maternally, bottlenecked to a single pair, essential for cellular respiration, and involved in some important evolutionary innovations. These factors make mitochondria a reliable marker of species, and they are therefore a valuable tool for studying the evolution of life.

Overall, the study by Stoeckle and Thaler is an interesting and thought-provoking piece of research. 

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Article snippets:

All humans may be descended from just TWO people and a catastrophic event almost wiped out ALL species 100,000 years ago,study suggests.

Five million Genetic 'bar codes' of 100,000 animals and humans from different species were surveyed.

Research prompted speculation humans and animals sprang from single pair.

This may have happened after a catastrophic event after the last ice age.

Scientists surveyed the genetic 'bar codes' of five 100,000 animals - including humans and the results have prompted speculation that we sprang from a single pair of adults after a catastrophic event almost wiped out the human race.

Stoeckle and Thaler, the scientists who headed the study, concluded that ninety percent of all animal species alive today come from parents that all began giving birth at roughly the same time, less than 250 thousand years ago - throwing into doubt the patterns of human evolution.

These bar codes, or snippets of DNA that reside outside the nuclei of living cells, suggest that it's not just people who could have come from a single pair of beings, but nine out of every 10 animal species, too.

'This conclusion is very surprising,' Thaler admitted, 'and I fought against it as hard as I could.' 

The conclusions throw up considerable mystery as to why the need for human life to start again was needed such a relatively short time ago.