gBGC of HARs explains Human Exceptionalism without Darwin

Neo-Darwinism is the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory, which combines Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection with Gregor Mendel's laws of genetics. Neo-Darwinism holds that the evolution of new species is driven by the accumulation of random mutations in genes that code for proteins (exons). 

Beneficial mutations that give an organism a selective advantage over its peers will be more likely to be passed on to the next generation, leading to the evolution of new traits.

Noncoding DNA (introns) do not code for proteins directly, so by definition, it is irrelevant to evolution, e.g., "Junk DNA." 

New findings have led to a reassessment of the role of noncoding DNA in evolution. It is now clear that noncoding DNA can play a significant role in shaping the development of new species, even though it does not code for proteins directly per NeoDarwinism.

For example, noncoding DNA can regulate the expression of genes. This means that noncoding DNA can control which genes are turned on and off in a cell. This can have a major impact on the phenotype of an organism, which is its physical appearance you have.

Another important role of noncoding DNA is in RNA folding and splicing. RNA is a molecule that is similar to DNA, but it plays a different role in cells. RNA is used to make proteins, but it must first be folded into the correct shape. Noncoding DNA can help to fold RNA into the correct shape, which is essential for protein synthesis.

The discovery of the importance of noncoding DNA has led to a new understanding of evolution. It is now clear that neo darwinists "Junk DNA" plays a much more important role than previously thought.


Human accelerated regions (HARs) are genomic regions that have evolved more rapidly in the human lineage than in other primates. They are typically found in noncoding regions, but they can also include coding regions. HARs are thought to be important for human-specific traits, such as brain development and cognition. Again by definition NeoDarwinism works on the coding gene (exons) not noncoding DNA (introns). 

NonDarwinian Biased gene conversion (gBGC) is a non-adaptive process (non natural selection adaptation) that contributes to the evolution of HARs. gBGC is a type of genetic recombination that preferentially converts A/T base pairs to G/C base pairs. This bias is thought to be due to the biochemical properties of DNA, which make it more likely for G/C base pairs to be repaired correctly than A/T base pairs. As such it's a biased mechanism of mutation outside of NeoDarwinian "random" mutations.

gBGC is thought to be the main mechanism of HARs. gBGC can increase the rate of substitutions in a region, making it more likely that beneficial (biased not random) mutations will be fixed. The relative contributions of gBGC and positive selection to the evolution of HARs is still being debated. Reason being natural selection measurements mimics gBGC. However, gBGC conversion is a "bird in hand" measurable cellular mechanism not relying on "hypothetical" natural selection calculations. Furthermore NeoDarwinism for 30 years ruled out noncoding DNA as being under natural selection. They can't apply the "5 second" rule to 30 years of articles.

Studies suggest that gBGC is a significant factor in the evolution of HARs. The study of HARs is a rapidly growing field of research. As we learn more about these regions, we will gain a better understanding of the genetic basis of human-specific traits.

Some researchers believe that HARs may help to explain human exceptionalism, the idea that humans are unique among animals in our intelligence, creativity, and cultural achievements. However, it is important to Here are some of the human-specific traits that have been linked to HARs:

  • Large brain size: Humans have the largest brains relative to body size of any mammal. This is thought to be due to changes in HARs that regulate the growth and development of the brain.

  • Upright posture: Humans are the only primates that walk upright on two legs. This is thought to be due to changes in HARs that affect the spine, pelvis, and legs.

  • Complex social behavior: Humans have a complex social structure that is characterized by cooperation, altruism, and communication. This is thought to be due to changes in HARs that regulate the development of the brain and the nervous system.

  • Language: Humans are the only animals that have a complex language. This is thought to be due to changes in HARs that regulate the development of the brain and the vocal cords.

The study of HARs is a rapidly growing field, and scientists are still learning about their function and evolution. However, it is clear that they play an important role in making us human outside of NeoDarwinism.

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