Beyond Neo Darwinism: How Epigenetics and HGT Reshape Understanding of Multilevel Selection
Beyond Neo Darwinism: How Epigenetics and HGT Reshape Understanding of Multilevel Selection For decades, neo darwinism reigned as the dominant theory explaining evolution. It focused on natural selection acting on individual organisms and their genes, neatly explaining adaptations and speciation. However, in recent years, cracks have begun to show in this singular view. Complexities like multilevel selection, where evolutionary forces operate on levels above and below the individual, challenge the neo darwinian framework. Multilevel selection is a concept in evolutionary biology that proposes that selection can occur at multiple levels of organization, not just at the level of the individual organism as with neo darwinism. This means that not only do individual organisms compete for survival and reproduction, but also groups of organisms, such as populations, species, or even ecosystems. In the neo darwinian view natural selection acts on the traits of individual organ...